Finding Good Color Contrast

Posted by Guy Naor Wed, 14 Jun 2006 14:20:00 GMT

Giving our Famundo users the ability to change some background colors on the header to match the logo, brough up the problem of selecting the correct color to use for text we have to write on the header. We can't default to just a specific color as it might not be readable on some of the colors.

The W3C recommends how to select colors to achieve good readability. It's a nice formula to find the color contrast and brightness difference. They also recommend on a treshold to compare against, when selecting the colors. I wrote ruby code to do that calculation. You can change the tresholds to give you more latitute in selecting colors.

# Return true if the difference between two colors 
# matches the W3C recommendations for readability
# See http://www.wat-c.org/tools/CCA/1.1/
def colors_diff_ok? c1, c2
  cont, bright = find_color_diff c1, c2
  (cont > 500) && (bright > 125) # Acceptable diff according to w3c
end

# Return the contranst and brightness difference between two RGB values
def find_color_diff c1, c2
  r1, g1, b1 = break_color c1
  r2, g2, b2 = break_color c2
  cont_diff = (r1-r2).abs+(g1-g2).abs+(b1-b2).abs # Color contrast
  bright1 = (r1 * 299 + g1 * 587 + b1 * 114) / 1000
  bright2 = (r2 * 299 + g2 * 587 + b2 * 114) / 1000
  brt_diff = (bright1 - bright2).abs # Color brightness diff
  [cont_diff, brt_diff]
end

# Break a color into the R, G and B components    
def break_color rgb
  r = (rgb & 0xff0000) >> 16
  g = (rgb & 0x00ff00) >> 8
  b = rgb & 0x0000ff
  [r,g,b] 
end

A simple way to use it, is to have an array with different color options, and look in it for a match:

possible_colors = [0xff0000, 0x00ff00, 0x0000ff, 0xffff00, 0x00ffff, 0xffffff]
good_color = 0 # We can default to black...
possible_colors.each do |c|
  if colors_diff_ok? c, my_color
    good_color = c
    break
  end
end